For decades, the idea of regrowing lost teeth seemed like the stuff of science fiction. But a revolutionary new drug may soon turn that dream into reality. Researchers in Japan are now conducting the first-ever human trials for a medication designed to regenerate missing teeth—an innovation that could offer an alternative to dentures, implants, and other prosthetic treatments.
If successful, this drug could be available as soon as 2030, offering hope to millions who suffer from congenital tooth loss, injury-related gaps, or decay.
The Science Behind the Treatment
The groundbreaking research is being led by Katsu Takahashi, head of oral surgery at the Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital in Osaka. His team has discovered that humans may have a dormant third set of teeth hidden beneath the gums. The key to unlocking this potential lies in a gene called USAG-1, which naturally inhibits tooth growth.
By developing an antibody that blocks USAG-1, the researchers have found a way to awaken these latent tooth buds and trigger new growth. In previous studies, this method was tested on mice and ferrets, where a single dose was enough to regenerate lost teeth—without significant side effects.
Encouraged by these promising results, the researchers are now taking the next crucial step: testing the drug on humans.
First Human Trials Underway
The first phase of human trials began in September 2024 at Kyoto University Hospital. Thirty adult men, each missing at least one tooth, are receiving intravenous doses of the drug. The main goal of this initial trial is to confirm the drug’s safety before moving on to larger studies that will assess its effectiveness.
If the treatment proves safe, the next phase will focus on children with congenital tooth deficiencies—specifically those born missing at least four permanent teeth. This condition, which affects roughly 0.1% of the population, can severely impact a person’s ability to chew and speak properly. By targeting young patients, researchers hope to intervene before dental problems become more severe.
A Potential Alternative to Implants and Dentures
For individuals who have lost teeth due to decay, disease, or trauma, the current treatment options—implants, dentures, and bridges—can be expensive, invasive, and not always permanent. A drug that regrows teeth would offer a natural and long-lasting solution.
As Professor Angray Kang of Queen Mary University of London notes, Takahashi’s team is leading the way in this area of research. While other groups are exploring similar methods, this trial marks a major milestone in regenerative dentistry.
Despite the excitement, there are still hurdles to overcome. One concern is whether the regenerated teeth will develop in the correct location and alignment. Takahashi believes that by controlling the drug’s injection site, the new teeth can be guided to emerge properly. And if a tooth grows in the wrong place, it could still be repositioned through orthodontic treatment.
Additionally, human biology is far more complex than that of mice or ferrets. While animal studies have shown incredible results, there is no guarantee that humans will respond in the same way.
Dental experts, including Professor Chengfei Zhang of the University of Hong Kong, also question whether the newly grown teeth will function as well as natural ones in terms of strength and durability.
A Step Toward Real Tooth Regeneration
While the first trial is focused primarily on safety, there is a small chance that participants could experience early tooth regrowth. If that happens, it would be a major breakthrough—proving the drug’s potential not just for children with congenital conditions but also for adults who have lost teeth later in life.
Takahashi is optimistic, saying he would be “over the moon” if the drug successfully regenerates teeth in this early phase.
With Japan’s aging population—where over 90% of people aged 75 or older are missing at least one tooth—expectations are high. If these trials succeed, the drug could extend healthy life expectancy by improving chewing ability and overall oral health.
As the research progresses, the world watches with anticipation. The race to regrow human teeth has officially begun, and the finish line may be closer than ever.
