Learn about what DNA is made of, how it works, who discovered it and other interesting DNA facts.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and it’s a molecule that supplies the genetic instructions that tell living creatures how to develop, live and reproduce. DNA can be found inside every cell and is passed down from parents to their offspring.
WHAT IS DNA MADE OF?
DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains three components: a phosphate group, which is one phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; a sugar molecule; and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C), and together, these serve as the “letters” that make up the genetic code of our DNA.
DNA has a structure called a double helix. Nucleotides are attached together to form two long strands that spiral to create this structure. If you think of the double-helix  as a ladder, the phosphate and sugar molecules would be the sides, while the base pairs would be the rungs. The bases on one strand pair with the bases on another strand: Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T), and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C).
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